DEFINING AN ART
Taekwondo is the traditional martial art and Olympic sport of Korea; an Asian discipline with over ninety-million practitioners worldwide. What is it about this unique way of life targeted at cultivating the mind, body, and spirit that has captured the hearts and minds of so many? Could it be that taekwondo contains over 3200 empty-hand combat techniques with proven effectiveness on the field of battle establishing it as an authentic means of self-defense? Or is it the metaphysical and philosophical aspects of the art that attract those seeking more than a simple, physical workout. Perhaps, it is the fact that taekwondo shares the spotlight, along with judo, as being the only two martial arts in a constellation of many, recognized by the International Olympic Committee with the exclusive privilege of participating in the Olympic Games. Either way, it is clear that taekwondo has taken its place as the fastest growing, most popular martial art in the world today.
Without a doubt, the current popularity enjoyed by taekwondo, literally translated as “foot-fist-way”, or “the way of punching and kicking with hands and feet”, is largely due to an ingenious process of standardization introduced during its formative years by the Korea Taekwondo Association, and not long after, by the International Taekwon-do Federation and the World Taekwondo Federation. This development required the core infrastructure of taekwondo to become unified and, therefore, transferable wherever it is taught, eventually leading to Olympic fame. Likewise, mirroring its success as a competitive entity, the martial art of taekwondo, with roots that date back to antiquity, in contrast to the martial sport bearing the same name, has maintained its technical skills and combat integrity through the efforts of several institutions such as the Kukkiwon – the center of taekwondo operations worldwide – the United States Taekwondo Association, and similar organizations given to the perpetuation of taekwondo as a traditional method of self-defense.
THE FIVE TENETS AND STUDENT CREED OF TAEKWONDO – VIRTUE IN ACTION
For decades traditional taekwondo has been the perfect medium for cultivating inner strength, extraordinary endurance, and an effective arsenal of defensive skills. In its current iteration it can be thought of as a direct reflection of modern society’s desire for a ritualized discipline devoid of religious dogma, but complete with a physically and spiritually enhanced set of ethical principles by which to live. Consequently, motives for training in the martial arts today range anywhere from gaining proficiency in self-defense and physical fitness in adults, to propagating discipline and focus in children that might otherwise be glued to a television set or computer screen. There is little doubt that practitioners of all ages can profit greatly from a sincere study of traditional taekwondo.
While sport and all its trappings can provide an outlet for aggression and create social bonds by way of teambuilding, it is, by definition restricted to a set place and time. Likewise, while organized religion attempts to satisfy an innate desire for spiritual enlightenment, it does nothing to address the physical needs of the individual. Martial arts, on the other hand, if offered in a traditional manner, represent a way of life and a vehicle for self-enrichment through diligent training. Invariably, one may ask how a pursuit so resonant with aggressive overtones can benefit humanity. The solution to this paradox can be found in the realization that the more frequently one trains and becomes proficient in the martial arts, the more one discovers that they have less to defend against. Confidence begins to replace fear. Defensive skills become internalized resulting in one’s ability to walk life’s path appreciating its simple pleasures rather than being blinded by its daily perils. Now more than ever, these benefits reflect the true worth of taekwondo training.
With roots dating back to antiquity, the robust philosophical foundation that acted as a code of honor for the Hwarang-do of ancient Silla, one of three ancient Korean dynasties, continues to support traditional taekwondo and remains as valid today as it was in the seventh century when these noble warriors sought ethical wisdom beyond the field of battle. The Five Tenets, originally fashioned by General Choi Hong-hi, are recited at the completion of each class and act as a roadmap to nobility.
- COURTESY
- INTERGRITY
- PERSEVERENCE
- SELF CONTROL
- INDOMITABLE SPIRIT
Furthermore, children attending our Youth Training Class recite the Student Creed or the Ten Mental Educations before being dismissed. These principles are directly related to the Code of Honor as practiced by the Hwarang-do of ancient Korea.
- BE LOYAL TO YOUR COUNTRY
- BE LOVING AND SHOW FIDELITY TO YOUR PARENTS
- BE LOVING BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE
- BE COOPERATIVE BETWEEN BROTHERS AND SISTERS
- BE FAITHFUL TO YOUR FRIENDS
- BE RESPECTFUL TO YOUR ELDERS
- ESTABLISH TRUST BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENT
- USE GOOD JUDGEMENT BEFORE HARMING ANY LIVING THING
- NEVER RETREAT IN BATTLE
- ALWAYS FINISH WHAT YOU START, SIR!
KOREAN/ENGLISH TAEKWONDO TERMINOLOGY
Kicking Technique
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Doobal Dangsang Chagi | Double Jumping Kicks |
Opo Chagi | Falling Kick |
Nalla Chagi | Flying Kick |
Bandal Chagi | Half Moon Kick |
Ppodeo Chagi | Stretch Kick |
Bitureo Chagi | Twist Kick |
Goollo Chagi | Hop Kick |
Twio Chagi | Jump Kick |
Kawi Chagi | Scissor Kick |
Hurio Chagi | Hook Kick |
Momdollyo Dwidollyo Chagi | Spinning Hook Kick |
Miro Chagi | Push Kick |
Pyojok Chagi | Crescent Kick |
Ahn Chagi | Out/In Axe Kick |
Bakat Chagi | In/Out Axe Kick |
Naeryo Chagi | Ax Kick |
Dwi Chagi | Back Kick |
Yop Chagi | Side Kick |
Dollyo Chagi | Roundhouse Kick |
Ap Chagi | Front Kick |
Stances
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Hakdari Sogi | Crane Stance |
Koa Sogi | Cross Stance |
Bom Sogi | Cat Stance |
Bal Chagi Joom | Kicking Stance |
Kyorugi Joombi | Fighting/Defense Stance |
Ap Sogi | Walking Stance |
Ja Choom Sogi | Horse Stance |
Dwi Koobi | Back Stance |
Ap Koobi | Front Stance |
Punching Techniques
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Doo Chumok Jiluki | Double Punch |
Dikootja Jiluki | “C” Punch |
Hurio Jiluki | Hook Punch |
Sewo Jiluki | Vertical Punch |
Dollyo Jiluki | Round Punch |
Yop Jiluki | Walking Stance |
Baro Jiluki | Lunge Punch |
Chi Jiluki | Uppercut Punch |
Bandae Jiluki | Reverse Punch |
Alle Jiluki | Low Punch |
Olgool Jiluki | High Punch |
Momtong Jiluki | Middle Punch |

Blocking Technique
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Kodureo Makki | Double Closed Fist Block |
Pyojok Chagi Makki | Crescent Kick Block |
Sohn Doong Makki | Back Hand Block |
Sohnnal Doong Makki | Ridge Hand Block |
Kuppin Sohn Mok Makki | Ox Jaw Block |
Batang Sohn Makki | Palm Heel Block |
Yop Makki | Side Block |
Hecho Makki | Spread Block |
Gawi Makki | Scissors Block |
Otkolo Makki | “ X “ Block |
Ghodulo Makki | Double Closed Fist Block |
Dool Sohnnal Momtong Makki | Double Knife Hand Block |
Bakat Han Sohnnal Makki | In/Out Single Knife Hand Block |
Ahn Han Sohnnal Makki | Out/In Single Knife Hand Block |
Bakat Momtong Makki | In/Out Middle Block |
Ahn Momtong Makki | Out/In Middle Block |
Olgool Makki | High Block |
Alle Makki | Low Block |
Striking Techniques
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Mohri Chilki | Head Strike |
Moorup Chilki | Knee Strike |
Palkup Chilki | Elbow Strike |
Kuppin Sohn Mok Chilki | Ox Jaw Strike |
Sohn Doong Chilki | Back Hand Strike |
Gom Sohn Chilki | Bear Hand Strike |
Akum Sohn Chilki | Tiger Mouth Strike |
Inji Shonkoot Chilki | Single Finger Strike |
Kawi Sohnkoot Chilki | Two Finger Strike |
Pyun Sohnkoot Chilki | Spear Hand Strike |
Sohnnal Doong Chilki | Ridge Hand Strike |
Sohnnal Chilki | Knife Hand Strike |
Batang Sohn Chilki | Palm Heel Strike |
Gal Kawi Chumok | Ripping Fist |
Pyun Chumok | Flat Fist |
Bam Chumok | Middle Finger Fist |
Doong Chumok | Back Fist |
Me Chumok | Hammer Fist |
Terms of Rank
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Gup | Color Belt Grade |
Dan | Black Belt Degree |
Hu Bae | Junior Member |
Sun Bae Nim | Senior Member |
Yu Dan Ja | Junior Dan Holder (1st to 3rd Dan) |
Ko Dan Ja | Senior Dan Holder (4th Dan and above) |
Cho Kyo Nim | Assistant Instructor |
Kyo Sa Nim | Instructor (1st to 3rd Dan Instructor) |
Sa Bum Nim | Master Instructor (4th to 6th Dan) |
Kwan Jang Nim | Grand Master (7th Dan and above) |
Basic Terminology
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Ohren | Right |
Wen | Left |
Shoom Sha Gi | Deep Breathing |
Myuk Sang | Meditation |
Kukki | Flag |
Ti | Belt |
Dobok | Uniform |
Dojang | Training Hall |
Kyorugi | Sparring |
Kyukpa | Breaking Techniques |
Ho Sin Sool | Self-Defense Techniques |
Sam Su Sik | Three-Step Sparring |
Il Su Sik | One-Step Sparring |
Poomsae | Traditional Choreographed Forms |
Chagi | Kick |
Chilki | Strike |
Jiluki | Punch |
Makki | Block |
Sohn Gi Sool | Hand Techniques |
Kibon Dong Cha | Basic Movements |
Kibon | Basics |
Goo Man | End |
Barro | Return to Ready |
Si Jak | Begin |
Dwi Ro Dora | About Face |
Bal Pak Ko | Switch Stance |
Kyung Ye | Bow |
Joombi | Ready |
Cha Riot | Attention |
Counting in Korean
Korean Term | English |
---|---|
Ship | Tenth |
Ku | Ninth |
Pal | Eighth |
Chil | Seventh |
Yuk | Sixth |
Oh | Fifth |
Sa | Fourth |
Sam | Third |
Ee | Second |
Il | First |
Yol | Ten |
Ahop | Nine |
Yodol | Eight |
Il Gop | Seven |
Yasoot | Six |
Dasoot | Five |
Net | Four |
Set | Three |
Dool | Two |
Hana | One |