About taekwondo

DEFINING AN ART

Taekwondo is the traditional martial art and Olympic sport of Korea; an Asian discipline with over ninety-million practitioners worldwide. What is it about this unique way of life targeted at cultivating the mind, body, and spirit that has captured the hearts and minds of so many? Could it be that taekwondo contains over 3200 empty-hand combat techniques with proven effectiveness on the field of battle establishing it as an authentic means of self-defense? Or is it the metaphysical and philosophical aspects of the art that attract those seeking more than a simple, physical workout. Perhaps, it is the fact that taekwondo shares the spotlight, along with judo, as being the only two martial arts in a constellation of many, recognized by the International Olympic Committee with the exclusive privilege of participating in the Olympic Games. Either way, it is clear that taekwondo has taken its place as the fastest growing, most popular martial art in the world today.

Without a doubt, the current popularity enjoyed by taekwondo, literally translated as “foot-fist-way”, or “the way of punching and kicking with hands and feet”, is largely due to an ingenious process of standardization introduced during its formative years by the Korea Taekwondo Association, and not long after, by the International Taekwon-do Federation and the World Taekwondo Federation. This development required the core infrastructure of taekwondo to become unified and, therefore, transferable wherever it is taught, eventually leading to Olympic fame. Likewise, mirroring its success as a competitive entity, the martial art of taekwondo, with roots that date back to antiquity, in contrast to the martial sport bearing the same name, has maintained its technical skills and combat integrity through the efforts of several institutions such as the Kukkiwon – the center of taekwondo operations worldwide – the United States Taekwondo Association, and similar organizations given to the perpetuation of taekwondo as a traditional method of self-defense.

Yet, it is important to note that taekwondo is not merely about kicking and punching. Rather, it is an action philosophy that seeks to enrich the lives of those who diligently apply its ethical principles to their daily routine. While on the surface it represents a system of self-defense coupled with a means of attaining physical fitness, the art rests on a virtuous foundation influenced by the three Asian philosophical paradigms of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. For the sincere martial artist, the doctrines borrowed from these systems act as a moral compass in pointing the way towards self-improvement.

THE FIVE TENETS AND STUDENT CREED OF TAEKWONDO – VIRTUE IN ACTION

For decades traditional taekwondo has been the perfect medium for cultivating inner strength, extraordinary endurance, and an effective arsenal of defensive skills. In its current iteration it can be thought of as a direct reflection of modern society’s desire for a ritualized discipline devoid of religious dogma, but complete with a physically and spiritually enhanced set of ethical principles by which to live. Consequently, motives for training in the martial arts today range anywhere from gaining proficiency in self-defense and physical fitness in adults, to propagating discipline and focus in children that might otherwise be glued to a television set or computer screen. There is little doubt that practitioners of all ages can profit greatly from a sincere study of traditional taekwondo.

While sport and all its trappings can provide an outlet for aggression and create social bonds by way of teambuilding, it is, by definition restricted to a set place and time. Likewise, while organized religion attempts to satisfy an innate desire for spiritual enlightenment, it does nothing to address the physical needs of the individual. Martial arts, on the other hand, if offered in a traditional manner, represent a way of life and a vehicle for self-enrichment through diligent training. Invariably, one may ask how a pursuit so resonant with aggressive overtones can benefit humanity. The solution to this paradox can be found in the realization that the more frequently one trains and becomes proficient in the martial arts, the more one discovers that they have less to defend against. Confidence begins to replace fear. Defensive skills become internalized resulting in one’s ability to walk life’s path appreciating its simple pleasures rather than being blinded by its daily perils. Now more than ever, these benefits reflect the true worth of taekwondo training.

With roots dating back to antiquity, the robust philosophical foundation that acted as a code of honor for the Hwarang-do of ancient Silla, one of three ancient Korean dynasties, continues to support traditional taekwondo and remains as valid today as it was in the seventh century when these noble warriors sought ethical wisdom beyond the field of battle. The Five Tenets, originally fashioned by General Choi Hong-hi, are recited at the completion of each class and act as a roadmap to nobility.

  1. COURTESY
  2. INTERGRITY
  3. PERSEVERENCE
  4. SELF CONTROL
  5. INDOMITABLE SPIRIT

Furthermore, children attending our Youth Training Class recite the Student Creed or the Ten Mental Educations before being dismissed. These principles are directly related to the Code of Honor as practiced by the Hwarang-do of ancient Korea.

  • BE LOYAL TO YOUR COUNTRY
  • BE LOVING AND SHOW FIDELITY TO YOUR PARENTS
  • BE LOVING BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE
  • BE COOPERATIVE BETWEEN BROTHERS AND SISTERS
  • BE FAITHFUL TO YOUR FRIENDS
  • BE RESPECTFUL TO YOUR ELDERS
  • ESTABLISH TRUST BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENT
  • USE GOOD JUDGEMENT BEFORE HARMING ANY LIVING THING
  • NEVER RETREAT IN BATTLE
  • ALWAYS FINISH WHAT YOU START, SIR!
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KOREAN/ENGLISH TAEKWONDO TERMINOLOGY

Kicking Technique

Korean Term English
Doobal Dangsang Chagi Double Jumping Kicks
Opo Chagi Falling Kick
Nalla Chagi Flying Kick
Bandal Chagi Half Moon Kick
Ppodeo Chagi Stretch Kick
Bitureo Chagi Twist Kick
Goollo Chagi Hop Kick
Twio Chagi Jump Kick
Kawi Chagi Scissor Kick
Hurio Chagi Hook Kick
Momdollyo Dwidollyo Chagi Spinning Hook Kick
Miro Chagi Push Kick
Pyojok Chagi Crescent Kick
Ahn Chagi Out/In Axe Kick
Bakat Chagi In/Out Axe Kick
Naeryo Chagi Ax Kick
Dwi Chagi Back Kick
Yop Chagi Side Kick
Dollyo Chagi Roundhouse Kick
Ap Chagi Front Kick

Stances

Korean Term English
Hakdari Sogi Crane Stance
Koa Sogi Cross Stance
Bom Sogi Cat Stance
Bal Chagi Joom Kicking Stance
Kyorugi Joombi Fighting/Defense Stance
Ap Sogi Walking Stance
Ja Choom Sogi Horse Stance
Dwi Koobi Back Stance
Ap Koobi Front Stance

Punching Techniques

Korean Term English
Doo Chumok Jiluki Double Punch
Dikootja Jiluki “C” Punch
Hurio Jiluki Hook Punch
Sewo Jiluki Vertical Punch
Dollyo Jiluki Round Punch
Yop Jiluki Walking Stance
Baro Jiluki Lunge Punch
Chi Jiluki Uppercut Punch
Bandae Jiluki Reverse Punch
Alle Jiluki Low Punch
Olgool Jiluki High Punch
Momtong Jiluki Middle Punch
korean icons

Blocking Technique

Korean Term English
Kodureo Makki Double Closed Fist Block
Pyojok Chagi Makki Crescent Kick Block
Sohn Doong Makki Back Hand Block
Sohnnal Doong Makki Ridge Hand Block
Kuppin Sohn Mok Makki Ox Jaw Block
Batang Sohn Makki Palm Heel Block
Yop Makki Side Block
Hecho Makki Spread Block
Gawi Makki Scissors Block
Otkolo Makki “ X “ Block
Ghodulo Makki Double Closed Fist Block
Dool Sohnnal Momtong Makki Double Knife Hand Block
Bakat Han Sohnnal Makki In/Out Single Knife Hand Block
Ahn Han Sohnnal Makki Out/In Single Knife Hand Block
Bakat Momtong Makki In/Out Middle Block
Ahn Momtong Makki Out/In Middle Block
Olgool Makki High Block
Alle Makki Low Block

Striking Techniques

Korean Term English
Mohri Chilki Head Strike
Moorup Chilki Knee Strike
Palkup Chilki Elbow Strike
Kuppin Sohn Mok Chilki Ox Jaw Strike
Sohn Doong Chilki Back Hand Strike
Gom Sohn Chilki Bear Hand Strike
Akum Sohn Chilki Tiger Mouth Strike
Inji Shonkoot Chilki Single Finger Strike
Kawi Sohnkoot Chilki Two Finger Strike
Pyun Sohnkoot Chilki Spear Hand Strike
Sohnnal Doong Chilki Ridge Hand Strike
Sohnnal Chilki Knife Hand Strike
Batang Sohn Chilki Palm Heel Strike
Gal Kawi Chumok Ripping Fist
Pyun Chumok Flat Fist
Bam Chumok Middle Finger Fist
Doong Chumok Back Fist
Me Chumok Hammer Fist

Terms of Rank

Korean Term English
Gup Color Belt Grade
Dan Black Belt Degree
Hu Bae Junior Member
Sun Bae Nim Senior Member
Yu Dan Ja Junior Dan Holder (1st to 3rd Dan)
Ko Dan Ja Senior Dan Holder (4th Dan and above)
Cho Kyo Nim Assistant Instructor
Kyo Sa Nim Instructor (1st to 3rd Dan Instructor)
Sa Bum Nim Master Instructor (4th to 6th Dan)
Kwan Jang Nim Grand Master (7th Dan and above)

Basic Terminology

Korean Term English
Ohren Right
Wen Left
Shoom Sha Gi Deep Breathing
Myuk Sang Meditation
Kukki Flag
Ti Belt
Dobok Uniform
Dojang Training Hall
Kyorugi Sparring
Kyukpa Breaking Techniques
Ho Sin Sool Self-Defense Techniques
Sam Su Sik Three-Step Sparring
Il Su Sik One-Step Sparring
Poomsae Traditional Choreographed Forms
Chagi Kick
Chilki Strike
Jiluki Punch
Makki Block
Sohn Gi Sool Hand Techniques
Kibon Dong Cha Basic Movements
Kibon Basics
Goo Man End
Barro Return to Ready
Si Jak Begin
Dwi Ro Dora About Face
Bal Pak Ko Switch Stance
Kyung Ye Bow
Joombi Ready
Cha Riot Attention

Counting in Korean

Korean Term English
Ship Tenth
Ku Ninth
Pal Eighth
Chil Seventh
Yuk Sixth
Oh Fifth
Sa Fourth
Sam Third
Ee Second
Il First
Yol Ten
Ahop Nine
Yodol Eight
Il Gop Seven
Yasoot Six
Dasoot Five
Net Four
Set Three
Dool Two
Hana One